{"id":557,"date":"2026-07-10T00:25:02","date_gmt":"2026-07-10T00:25:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/scibeebeta.com\/?page_id=557"},"modified":"2026-08-31T14:52:38","modified_gmt":"2026-08-31T14:52:38","slug":"about","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/scientificbeekeeping.com\/scibee1\/about\/","title":{"rendered":"About This Site"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>.kb-row-layout-id557_170533-7e > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id557_170533-7e > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id557_170533-7e > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}.kb-row-layout-id557_170533-7e{background-image:linear-gradient(0deg,var(--global-palette7) 0%,var(--global-palette9) 100%);}.kb-row-layout-id557_170533-7e > 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1024px){.kt-row-column-wrap > .kadence-column557_9bba8b-4a{align-self:flex-end;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-inner-column-height-full:not(.kt-has-1-columns) > .wp-block-kadence-column.kadence-column557_9bba8b-4a{align-self:auto;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-inner-column-height-full:not(.kt-has-1-columns) > .wp-block-kadence-column.kadence-column557_9bba8b-4a > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:flex-end;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column557_9bba8b-4a > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:flex-end;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kt-row-column-wrap > .kadence-column557_9bba8b-4a{align-self:flex-end;}.kt-inner-column-height-full:not(.kt-has-1-columns) > .wp-block-kadence-column.kadence-column557_9bba8b-4a{align-self:auto;}.kt-inner-column-height-full:not(.kt-has-1-columns) > .wp-block-kadence-column.kadence-column557_9bba8b-4a > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:flex-end;}.kadence-column557_9bba8b-4a > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:flex-end;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column557_9bba8b-4a inner-column-2\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading557_b7e3ba-e7, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading557_b7e3ba-e7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading557_b7e3ba-e7\"]{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-xl, 3rem);font-style:normal;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading557_b7e3ba-e7 mark.kt-highlight, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading557_b7e3ba-e7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading557_b7e3ba-e7\"] mark.kt-highlight{font-style:normal;color:#f76a0c;-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading557_b7e3ba-e7 img.kb-inline-image, .wp-block-kadence-advancedheading.kt-adv-heading557_b7e3ba-e7[data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading557_b7e3ba-e7\"] img.kb-inline-image{width:150px;vertical-align:baseline;}<\/style>\n<h1 class=\"kt-adv-heading557_b7e3ba-e7 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading\" data-kb-block=\"kb-adv-heading557_b7e3ba-e7\">About this Site<\/h1>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column557_4c6e5e-7f > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column557_4c6e5e-7f > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column557_4c6e5e-7f > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column557_4c6e5e-7f > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column557_4c6e5e-7f > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column557_4c6e5e-7f > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column557_4c6e5e-7f{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column557_4c6e5e-7f > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column557_4c6e5e-7f > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column557_4c6e5e-7f inner-column-1\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>The scientific ScientificBeekeeping is a not-for-profit enterprise. Our motivation is the notes of appreciation that we received from beekeepers worldwide, thanking us for how valuable my information has been to them. All donations go towards website maintenance, my hired help, research costs (thousands of dollars per year), and some re-donated to noteworthy projects by other groups. <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>I guarantee that every penny is pinched and well spent!<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kb-btns557_8f1cff-0b{gap:15px;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:center;}.kt-btns557_8f1cff-0b .kt-button{font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kb-btns557_8f1cff-0b{justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn kb-buttons-wrap kb-btns557_8f1cff-0b kt-btn-align-undefined\"><style>ul.menu .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn557_79ba6b-3d.kb-button{width:initial;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn557_79ba6b-3d.kb-button{color:#070707;background:#81d89a;font-size:16px;border-top-left-radius:51px;border-top-right-radius:50px;border-bottom-right-radius:50px;border-bottom-left-radius:50px;border-top:0px solid var(--global-palette10, #3182CE);border-right:0px solid var(--global-palette10, #3182CE);border-bottom:0px solid var(--global-palette10, #3182CE);border-left:0px solid var(--global-palette10, #3182CE);padding-top:12px;padding-right:32px;padding-bottom:12px;padding-left:32px;box-shadow:10px 10px 15px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.41);}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn557_79ba6b-3d.kb-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn557_79ba6b-3d.kb-button:focus{color:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);background:var(--global-palette3, #1A202C);border-top-color:rgba(68, 68, 68, 0);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:rgba(68, 68, 68, 0);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:rgba(68, 68, 68, 0);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:rgba(68, 68, 68, 0);border-left-style:solid;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn557_79ba6b-3d.kb-button{border-top:0px solid var(--global-palette10, #3182CE);border-right:0px solid var(--global-palette10, #3182CE);border-bottom:0px solid var(--global-palette10, #3182CE);border-left:0px solid var(--global-palette10, #3182CE);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn557_79ba6b-3d.kb-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn557_79ba6b-3d.kb-button:focus{border-top-color:rgba(68, 68, 68, 0);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:rgba(68, 68, 68, 0);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:rgba(68, 68, 68, 0);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:rgba(68, 68, 68, 0);border-left-style:solid;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn557_79ba6b-3d.kb-button{border-top:0px solid var(--global-palette10, #3182CE);border-right:0px solid var(--global-palette10, #3182CE);border-bottom:0px solid 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stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><line x1=\"5\" y1=\"12\" x2=\"19\" y2=\"12\"\/><polyline points=\"12 5 19 12 12 19\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.kadence-column557_213580-ee{max-width:1079px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}.wp-block-kadence-column.kb-section-dir-horizontal:not(.kb-section-md-dir-vertical)>.kt-inside-inner-col>.kadence-column557_213580-ee{-webkit-flex:0 1 1079px;flex:0 1 1079px;max-width:unset;margin-left:unset;margin-right:unset;}.kadence-column557_213580-ee > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column557_213580-ee > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column557_213580-ee > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column557_213580-ee > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column557_213580-ee > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column557_213580-ee > .kt-inside-inner-col{background-color:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);}.kadence-column557_213580-ee > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column557_213580-ee{text-align:left;}.kadence-column557_213580-ee{position:relative;}@media all and (min-width: 1025px){.wp-block-kadence-column.kb-section-dir-horizontal>.kt-inside-inner-col>.kadence-column557_213580-ee{-webkit-flex:0 1 1079px;flex:0 1 1079px;max-width:unset;margin-left:unset;margin-right:unset;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column557_213580-ee > .kt-inside-inner-col{padding-left:0%;flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 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kt-row-valign-top kb-theme-content-width\">\n<style>.kadence-column557_6544bc-46 > .kt-inside-inner-col{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-lg, 3rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-lg, 3rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);}.kadence-column557_6544bc-46 > .kt-inside-inner-col{box-shadow:2px 2px 10px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);}.kadence-column557_6544bc-46 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column557_6544bc-46 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column557_6544bc-46 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:0px;}.kadence-column557_6544bc-46 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column557_6544bc-46 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column557_6544bc-46 > .kt-inside-inner-col{background-color:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);}.kadence-column557_6544bc-46 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column557_6544bc-46{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column557_6544bc-46 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column557_6544bc-46 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column557_6544bc-46 kb-section-dir-vertical\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.kb-image557_31fa95-67.kb-image-is-ratio-size, .kb-image557_31fa95-67 .kb-image-is-ratio-size{max-width:223px;width:100%;}.wp-block-kadence-column > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image557_31fa95-67.kb-image-is-ratio-size, .wp-block-kadence-column > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image557_31fa95-67 .kb-image-is-ratio-size{align-self:unset;}.kb-image557_31fa95-67 figure{max-width:223px;}.kb-image557_31fa95-67 .image-is-svg, .kb-image557_31fa95-67 .image-is-svg img{width:100%;}.kb-image557_31fa95-67 .kb-image-has-overlay:after{opacity:0.3;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-image kb-image557_31fa95-67\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"338\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/scibeebeta.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Randy-head-shot-1-338x450-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"kb-img wp-image-567\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-sm-font-size\">Randy Oliver<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">I started keeping bees as a hobbyist around&nbsp;1966, and then went on to get university degrees in biological sciences, specializing in entomology. &nbsp;In 1980 I began to build a migratory beekeeping operation in California, and currently run around 1000-1500 hives with my two sons, from which we make our livings (update: Eric and Ian are in the process of taking over the operation\u2013allowing me more time for research).<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In 1993, the varroa mite arrived in California, and after it wiped out my operation for the second time in 1999, I decided to \u201chit the books\u201d and use my scientific background to learn to fight back. &nbsp;I started writing for the American Bee Journal in 2006, and have submitted articles nearly every month since then (see \u201cArticles by Publication Date\u201d).<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">My writing for the Journal brought me requests to speak at beekeeping conventions, which has also allowed me the chance to visit beekeepers from all over North America and several other continents. &nbsp;I read most every scientific study relating to beekeeping, and regularly correspond with beekeepers and researchers worldwide.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">What I try to do in my articles and blogs is to&nbsp;scour scientific papers for practical beekeeping applications, and to sort through the advice, opinion, and conjecture found in the bee magazines and on the Web, taking no positions other than to provide accurate information to Joe Beekeeper, following the suggestion in 1922 by&nbsp;New Zealand beekeeping author Isaac Hopkins:<br><em>That scientific accuracy, as opposed to rule of thumb, or guess-work methods, is much needed in commercial production to attain the success we should aim for, will be acceded by all intelligent beekeepers. There are many, however who do not realise this, or at all events, do not sufficiently appreciate the principle in their practice, but are content muddle along in a slipshod fashion to their great loss.<\/em>&nbsp; &nbsp;From THE BEE WORLD February 1922<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">I regularly update the articles on this site as new information becomes available, and solicit constructive criticism or comments. &nbsp;Perhaps the best venue for such discussion is at the&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/community.lsoft.com\/scripts\/wa-LSOFTDONATIONS.exe?A0=BEE-L\">Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology<\/a>.&nbsp; Be sure to subscribe to updates, and I\u2019ll email you monthly when I add content to the site <a href=\"https:\/\/scientificbeekeeping.com\/scientific-beekeeping-newsletter\/\">https:\/\/scientificbeekeeping.com\/scientific-beekeeping-newsletter\/<\/a> <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column557_2f54ab-af > .kt-inside-inner-col{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-lg, 3rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-lg, 3rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);}.kadence-column557_2f54ab-af > .kt-inside-inner-col{box-shadow:2px 2px 10px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);}.kadence-column557_2f54ab-af > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column557_2f54ab-af > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column557_2f54ab-af > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:0px;}.kadence-column557_2f54ab-af > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column557_2f54ab-af > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column557_2f54ab-af > .kt-inside-inner-col{background-color:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);}.kadence-column557_2f54ab-af > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column557_2f54ab-af{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column557_2f54ab-af > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column557_2f54ab-af > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column557_2f54ab-af kb-section-dir-vertical\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Firstly, I give permission for use of all material on this website for educational purposes so long as it is attributed to <a href=\"https:\/\/scientificbeekeeping.com\">ScientificBeekeeping.com<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is not a \u201cHow You Should Keep Bees\u201d site; rather, I\u2019m a proponent of \u201cWhatever Works for You\u201d beekeeping.&nbsp;&nbsp;I\u2019m a \u201cdata over dogma\u201d guy, and I implore my readers to correct me on any information at this website that is out of date or not supported by evidence. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><br><strong><em>\u201cIt\u2019s what you know for sure that keeps you from learning.\u201d<\/em><\/strong><br>And I\u2019m all about learning.&nbsp; I\u2019d like to make it perfectly clear that I do not consider myself to be the final arbiter on any matter!&nbsp; In investigating many of these controversial subjects, my brain feels like a GPS unit, repeatedly saying, \u201cRecalculating\u201d and sometimes even \u201cTurn around when possible.\u201d&nbsp;&nbsp; This is why I take care to hold no positions, and appreciate being intelligently challenged on any point.&nbsp;&nbsp; If something comes to my attention that makes me rethink or correctanything I\u2019ve written, I am more than happy to rebut myself on these pages. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><br>I\u2019ve visited beekeepers in many countries, and realize that there are as many ways to keep bees as there are beekeepers. &nbsp;The bees don\u2019t care whether you are a commercial or hobby beekeeper, nor whether your personal preference is Langstroth, Warre, top-bar, small cell, foundationless, \u201cnatural\u201d or conventional beekeeping\u2013<em><strong>the same biology applies to all<\/strong><\/em>. &nbsp; My goal is to provide&nbsp;any and all&nbsp;beekeepers with a resource of readable and straightforward information&nbsp;on how to practice&nbsp;good bee husbandry, and&nbsp;&nbsp;to exercise environmental and community responsibility.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><br>This site&nbsp;is more or less a record of my learning process&nbsp;as I apply my formal training as a biologist to the practice of running my ever-evolving commercial beekeeping operation in California. &nbsp;I have no interest in offering advice (there are plenty of beekeepers more than eager to do that). &nbsp;Rather, what I do offer is&nbsp;<strong><em>evidence-based<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<em><strong>scientifically-verified<\/strong><\/em>&nbsp;explanations of the biological processes occurring in the hive, as well as the effects of various management options. &nbsp;I then leave it to each beekeeper to use that information in order to make their own&nbsp;<em><strong>better-informed practical management decisions. &nbsp;&nbsp;<\/strong><\/em><br>In this \u201cpost-truth, information overload era\u201d novice beekeepers can be overwhelmed by an internet and popular press chock full of conflicting strong opinions and questionable advice.&nbsp; If you are a beginning beekeeper looking for basic information, or an experienced beekeeper looking for a summary of mite treatment options, I suggest that you go directly to&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/scientificbeekeeping.com\/first-year-care-for-your-nuc\/\">Basic Beekeeping<\/a>. &nbsp;Otherwise, I suggest that you click on the blue categories to the right of each page to see which articles are available, or go to&nbsp;<em>Articles By Publication Date<\/em>, or use&nbsp;the&nbsp;<strong><em>Search<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;function at the top of each page to look for topics.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id557_84150e-55 > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id557_84150e-55 > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id557_84150e-55 > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);max-width:var( --global-content-width, 1290px );padding-left:var(--global-content-edge-padding);padding-right:var(--global-content-edge-padding);padding-top:200px;padding-right:25px;padding-bottom:33px;padding-left:25px;grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));}.kb-row-layout-id557_84150e-55 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}.kb-row-layout-id557_84150e-55 .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep{height:120px;}.kb-row-layout-id557_84150e-55 .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep svg{width:100%;}.kb-row-layout-id557_84150e-55 .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep svg{fill:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff)!important;}.kb-row-layout-id557_84150e-55 .kt-row-layout-top-sep{height:120px;}.kb-row-layout-id557_84150e-55 .kt-row-layout-top-sep svg{width:100%;}.kb-row-layout-id557_84150e-55 .kt-row-layout-top-sep svg{fill:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff)!important;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id557_84150e-55 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id557_84150e-55 .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep{height:px;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id557_84150e-55 .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep svg{width:%;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id557_84150e-55 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}.kb-row-layout-id557_84150e-55 .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep{height:px;}.kb-row-layout-id557_84150e-55 .kt-row-layout-bottom-sep svg{width:%;}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id557_84150e-55 alignnone has-theme-palette1-background-color kt-row-has-bg wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-layout-top-sep kt-row-sep-type-crvli\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 1000 100\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\"><path d=\"M1000,0c0,0 -420.987,98 -650,98c-229.013,0 -350,-98 -350,-98l0,100l1000,0l0,-100Z\" \/><\/svg><\/div><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top kb-theme-content-width\">\n<style>.kadence-column557_cb8870-21 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column557_cb8870-21 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column557_cb8870-21 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column557_cb8870-21 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column557_cb8870-21 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column557_cb8870-21 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column557_cb8870-21{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column557_cb8870-21 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column557_cb8870-21 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column557_cb8870-21 inner-column-1\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<h2 id=\"donatenow\" class=\"wp-block-heading has-theme-palette-9-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-6dcf0d18be01c468b6c8c4638a0a9d14\"><strong>Please Donate Here<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-theme-palette-9-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-310a1877c52aedd44e802e49a2c2890e wp-block-paragraph\">It is the appreciative feedback that I receive from beekeepers (and researchers) worldwide is what keeps me going (thank you). &nbsp;If you find this website to be of value, please support it (and my independent research projects) with your donations. &nbsp;You can donate via Paypal below.&nbsp; Notice:&nbsp; I will, for tax purposes, treat your donation as a \u201cgift\u201d \u2014 &nbsp;given with \u201cdetached and disinterested generosity\u201d&nbsp; out of \u201caffection, respect, admiration, charity or like impulses.\u201d<br><\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kb-btns557_999f7e-63{gap:15px;justify-content:center;align-items:center;}.kt-btns557_999f7e-63 .kt-button{font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kb-btns557_999f7e-63{justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn kb-buttons-wrap kb-btns557_999f7e-63 kt-btn-align-undefined\"><style>ul.menu 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0);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:rgba(68, 68, 68, 0);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:rgba(68, 68, 68, 0);border-left-style:solid;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn557_648ffa-94.kb-button{border-top:0px solid var(--global-palette10, #3182CE);border-right:0px solid var(--global-palette10, #3182CE);border-bottom:0px solid var(--global-palette10, #3182CE);border-left:0px solid var(--global-palette10, #3182CE);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn557_648ffa-94.kb-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn557_648ffa-94.kb-button:focus{border-top-color:rgba(68, 68, 68, 0);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:rgba(68, 68, 68, 0);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:rgba(68, 68, 68, 0);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:rgba(68, 68, 68, 0);border-left-style:solid;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn557_648ffa-94.kb-button{border-top:0px solid var(--global-palette10, #3182CE);border-right:0px solid var(--global-palette10, #3182CE);border-bottom:0px solid var(--global-palette10, #3182CE);border-left:0px solid var(--global-palette10, #3182CE);}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn557_648ffa-94.kb-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn557_648ffa-94.kb-button:focus{border-top-color:rgba(68, 68, 68, 0);border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:rgba(68, 68, 68, 0);border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:rgba(68, 68, 68, 0);border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:rgba(68, 68, 68, 0);border-left-style:solid;}}<\/style><a class=\"kb-button kt-button button kb-btn557_648ffa-94 kt-btn-size-small kt-btn-width-type-auto kb-btn-global-fill kt-btn-has-text-true kt-btn-has-svg-true wp-block-kadence-singlebtn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.paypal.com\/donate\/?hosted_button_id=RWM3YCF5RHZPN\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><span class=\"kt-btn-inner-text\">Donate Now<\/span><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fe_arrowRight kt-btn-icon-side-right\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"  fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"  aria-hidden=\"true\"><line x1=\"5\" y1=\"12\" x2=\"19\" y2=\"12\"\/><polyline points=\"12 5 19 12 12 19\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-theme-palette-9-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-a98b71fc71826e44e6e7525cb1b5d309 wp-block-paragraph\">Or Personal checks can be mailed directly to me at: Randy Oliver,14744 Meadow Dr.Grass Valley, CA 95945 Be sure to specify whether the check is a \u201cGift\u201d or whether you are going to claim it as a deductible \u201cExpense.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-theme-palette-9-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-8b52320337f51c2a5cc46179abcfb06b wp-block-paragraph\">Thank you!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-theme-palette-9-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-c08b0fbcbfe8321ddf98aead58159fb0 wp-block-paragraph\">Randy Oliver<br><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column557_5e2e4c-2c > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column557_5e2e4c-2c > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column557_5e2e4c-2c > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column557_5e2e4c-2c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column557_5e2e4c-2c > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column557_5e2e4c-2c > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column557_5e2e4c-2c{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column557_5e2e4c-2c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column557_5e2e4c-2c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column557_5e2e4c-2c\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.kb-row-layout-id557_3dadf1-84 > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id557_3dadf1-84 > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id557_3dadf1-84 > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}.kb-row-layout-id557_3dadf1-84 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id557_3dadf1-84 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id557_3dadf1-84 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id557_3dadf1-84 alignnone 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Our motivation is the notes of appreciation that we received from beekeepers worldwide, thanking us for how valuable my information has been to them. All donations go towards website maintenance, my hired help, research costs (thousands of dollars per year), and some re-donated to noteworthy&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_kad_post_transparent":"enable","_kad_post_title":"hide","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-557","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/scientificbeekeeping.com\/scibee1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/557","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/scientificbeekeeping.com\/scibee1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/scientificbeekeeping.com\/scibee1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scientificbeekeeping.com\/scibee1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scientificbeekeeping.com\/scibee1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=557"}],"version-history":[{"count":38,"href":"https:\/\/scientificbeekeeping.com\/scibee1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/557\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":931,"href":"https:\/\/scientificbeekeeping.com\/scibee1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/557\/revisions\/931"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/scientificbeekeeping.com\/scibee1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=557"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}