{"id":823,"date":"2026-08-14T15:39:15","date_gmt":"2026-08-14T15:39:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/scientificbeekeeping.com\/scibee1\/?page_id=823"},"modified":"2026-08-19T13:35:26","modified_gmt":"2026-08-19T13:35:26","slug":"varroa-management-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/scientificbeekeeping.com\/scibee1\/varroa-management-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Varroa Management"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>.kb-row-layout-id823_bfb3e1-a1 > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id823_bfb3e1-a1 > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id823_bfb3e1-a1 > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}.kb-row-layout-id823_bfb3e1-a1{background-image:linear-gradient(0deg,var(--global-palette7) 0%,var(--global-palette9) 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.kadence-column823_82b58e-b3{align-self:flex-end;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-inner-column-height-full:not(.kt-has-1-columns) > .wp-block-kadence-column.kadence-column823_82b58e-b3{align-self:auto;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-inner-column-height-full:not(.kt-has-1-columns) > .wp-block-kadence-column.kadence-column823_82b58e-b3 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:flex-end;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column823_82b58e-b3 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:flex-end;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kt-row-column-wrap > .kadence-column823_82b58e-b3{align-self:flex-end;}.kt-inner-column-height-full:not(.kt-has-1-columns) > .wp-block-kadence-column.kadence-column823_82b58e-b3{align-self:auto;}.kt-inner-column-height-full:not(.kt-has-1-columns) > .wp-block-kadence-column.kadence-column823_82b58e-b3 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:flex-end;}.kadence-column823_82b58e-b3 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:flex-end;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column823_82b58e-b3 inner-column-2\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column823_16618a-33 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column823_16618a-33 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column823_16618a-33 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column823_16618a-33 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column823_16618a-33 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column823_16618a-33 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column823_16618a-33{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column823_16618a-33 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column823_16618a-33 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column823_16618a-33 inner-column-1\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>My articles constitute a journal of my own learning experience in the application of the understanding of bee biology to the practice of beekeeping, and should be considered in that context. I make an effort to add important updates to articles on this site, but it may help to read the most up to date articles first.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.kadence-column823_840e7c-5a > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column823_840e7c-5a > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column823_840e7c-5a > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column823_840e7c-5a > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column823_840e7c-5a > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column823_840e7c-5a > .kt-inside-inner-col{background-color:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);}.kadence-column823_840e7c-5a > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column823_840e7c-5a{text-align:left;}.kadence-column823_840e7c-5a{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column823_840e7c-5a > .kt-inside-inner-col{padding-left:0%;flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column823_840e7c-5a > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column823_840e7c-5a\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.kb-row-layout-wrap.wp-block-kadence-rowlayout.kb-row-layout-id823_c36019-9f{margin-top:-150px;}.kb-row-layout-id823_c36019-9f > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id823_c36019-9f > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id823_c36019-9f > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);max-width:var( --global-content-width, 1290px );padding-left:var(--global-content-edge-padding);padding-right:var(--global-content-edge-padding);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xxl, 5rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}.kb-row-layout-id823_c36019-9f > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-wrap.wp-block-kadence-rowlayout.kb-row-layout-id823_c36019-9f{margin-top:-80px;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id823_c36019-9f > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id823_c36019-9f > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id823_c36019-9f alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-1-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top kb-theme-content-width\">\n<style>.kadence-column823_22f016-9a > .kt-inside-inner-col{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}.kadence-column823_22f016-9a > .kt-inside-inner-col{box-shadow:10px 10px 11px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);}.kadence-column823_22f016-9a > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column823_22f016-9a > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column823_22f016-9a > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:0px;}.kadence-column823_22f016-9a > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column823_22f016-9a > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column823_22f016-9a > .kt-inside-inner-col{background-color:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);}.kadence-column823_22f016-9a > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column823_22f016-9a{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column823_22f016-9a > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column823_22f016-9a > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column823_22f016-9a kb-section-dir-vertical\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading has-larger-font-size\">Varroa Management<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-sm-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Allow me to start with an excellent assessment by Bee Culture\u2019s Phil Craft (BC July 2015):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Perhaps beekeepers who have come to the craft in the last few decades aren\u2019t aware of the effect varroa had when it first arrived on this continent and of how it earned its full name, Varroa destructor. Whatever the reason, every year, beekeepers all over the country lose colonies to mites and the viruses of which they are carriers, and they never know what hit them. They blame pesticides,or CCD, or habitat loss, and sometimes those really are causes, or at least significant factors. However, too, too often, the underlying cause is a lack of effective management, which allows a mite infestation to overwhelm a colony or weaken it to the point that it succumbs easily to other stressors. The most frustrating thing about these losses is that they don\u2019t have to happen. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-sm-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id823_149f6e-ea > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id823_149f6e-ea > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id823_149f6e-ea > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);}.kb-row-layout-id823_149f6e-ea > .kt-row-column-wrap > div:not(.added-for-specificity){grid-column:initial;}.kb-row-layout-id823_149f6e-ea > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));}.kb-row-layout-id823_149f6e-ea > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id823_149f6e-ea > .kt-row-column-wrap > 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1rem);}.kadence-column823_c67e11-3c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column823_c67e11-3c > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column823_c67e11-3c > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column823_c67e11-3c{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column823_c67e11-3c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column823_c67e11-3c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column823_c67e11-3c\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kb-btns823_9ab29a-29{gap:var(--global-kb-gap-xs, 0.5rem );justify-content:center;align-items:center;}.kt-btns823_9ab29a-29 .kt-button{font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;}.kt-btns823_9ab29a-29 .kt-btn-wrap-0{margin-right:5px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns823_9ab29a-29 .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button{color:#555555;border-color:#555555;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns823_9ab29a-29 .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns823_9ab29a-29 .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button:focus{color:#ffffff;border-color:#444444;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns823_9ab29a-29 .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button::before{display:none;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns823_9ab29a-29 .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns823_9ab29a-29 .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button:focus{background:#444444;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn kb-buttons-wrap kb-btns823_9ab29a-29\"><style>ul.menu .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn823_f47f0e-86.kb-button{width:initial;}<\/style><a class=\"kb-button kt-button button kb-btn823_f47f0e-86 kt-btn-size-standard kt-btn-width-type-auto kb-btn-global-fill kt-btn-has-text-true kt-btn-has-svg-false wp-block-kadence-singlebtn\" href=\"https:\/\/scientificbeekeeping.com\/scibee1\/varroa-management-3\/\"><span class=\"kt-btn-inner-text\">Understanding Varroa Biology<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column823_0741fc-55 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column823_0741fc-55 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column823_0741fc-55 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column823_0741fc-55 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column823_0741fc-55 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column823_0741fc-55 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column823_0741fc-55{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column823_0741fc-55 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column823_0741fc-55 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column823_0741fc-55\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kb-btns823_90a274-2c{gap:var(--global-kb-gap-xs, 0.5rem );justify-content:center;align-items:center;}.kt-btns823_90a274-2c .kt-button{font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;}.kt-btns823_90a274-2c .kt-btn-wrap-0{margin-right:5px;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns823_90a274-2c .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button{color:#555555;border-color:#555555;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns823_90a274-2c .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns823_90a274-2c .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button:focus{color:#ffffff;border-color:#444444;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns823_90a274-2c .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button::before{display:none;}.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns823_90a274-2c .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button:hover, .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kt-btns823_90a274-2c .kt-btn-wrap-0 .kt-button:focus{background:#444444;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn kb-buttons-wrap kb-btns823_90a274-2c\"><style>ul.menu .wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn .kb-btn823_5e7618-6e.kb-button{width:initial;}<\/style><span class=\"kb-button kt-button button kb-btn823_5e7618-6e kt-btn-size-standard kt-btn-width-type-auto kb-btn-global-fill kt-btn-has-text-true kt-btn-has-svg-false wp-block-kadence-singlebtn\"><span class=\"kt-btn-inner-text\">Breeding Resistant Bees<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column823_0cec62-a3 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column823_0cec62-a3 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column823_0cec62-a3 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column823_0cec62-a3 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column823_0cec62-a3 > .kt-inside-inner-col > 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.kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id823_22a365-cb > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id823_22a365-cb > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);}.kb-row-layout-id823_22a365-cb > .kt-row-column-wrap > div:not(.added-for-specificity){grid-column:initial;}.kb-row-layout-id823_22a365-cb > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));}.kb-row-layout-id823_22a365-cb > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id823_22a365-cb > .kt-row-column-wrap > div:not(.added-for-specificity){grid-column:initial;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id823_22a365-cb > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id823_22a365-cb > .kt-row-column-wrap > div:not(.added-for-specificity){grid-column:initial;}.kb-row-layout-id823_22a365-cb > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id823_22a365-cb alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-3-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column823_78cd94-77 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column823_78cd94-77 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column823_78cd94-77 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column823_78cd94-77 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column823_78cd94-77 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column823_78cd94-77 > 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.kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column823_78f2c5-ed > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column823_78f2c5-ed > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column823_78f2c5-ed > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column823_78f2c5-ed > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column823_78f2c5-ed{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column823_78f2c5-ed > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column823_78f2c5-ed > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column823_78f2c5-ed\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><style>.wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn.kb-btns823_5776de-02{gap:var(--global-kb-gap-xs, 0.5rem 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button kb-btn823_bd768a-39 kt-btn-size-standard kt-btn-width-type-auto kb-btn-global-fill kt-btn-has-text-true kt-btn-has-svg-false wp-block-kadence-singlebtn\"><span class=\"kt-btn-inner-text\">Treatments<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column823_ec3cd8-3a > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column823_ec3cd8-3a > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column823_ec3cd8-3a > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column823_ec3cd8-3a > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column823_ec3cd8-3a > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column823_ec3cd8-3a > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column823_ec3cd8-3a{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column823_ec3cd8-3a > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all 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